<p><span class="h-card" translate="no"><a href="https://functional.cafe/@PaniczGodek" class="u-url mention">@<span>PaniczGodek</span></a></span> I have indeed seen "naive interpreters" that just operate directly on the s-expression level, effectively re-parsing it over and over. I view this as a bad implementation that missed (or intentionally decided to pass on, for some other reason) the benefits of parsing. But that's then just an implementation without a parser. (Or it has a "weak" parser — one that checks for errors but doesn't produce an AST like a "strong" parser.)</p>